The army were not all soldiers, not all bloodthirsty, but they all had their orders.5 Some of them organized into renegade militias, but they were no match for the Russian army, who marched with bright medals and silver swords. Ida, whose name in Hebrew meant "life," had heard enough of this word pogrom and its simple meaning, "destroy." In a short, sad range of years, thousands of Jews were killed or financially ruined. As the government internally debated the legality of the "action," news spread that a Jew had been killed. The mob got larger as government officials looked on. The streets were covered with glass and feathers. Reports received here through refugees are to the effect that since Sunday the town of Elizabethgrad, Russia, has been burning and that a mob has been killing and plundering in the Jewish quarter.4 ![]() RUSSIAN CITY BURNING, JEWS BEING MASSACRED ODESSA IS PANIC-STRICKEN The news spread fast through the towns and cities.3Īnother wave of anti-Semitic violence was reported by The New York Times on December 13, 1905: This went on for two days without any interest by the military authorities. On April 27, 1881, a fight at a neighborhood bar resulted in the midnight destruction of several Jewish homes and businesses as police looked on. The area had enjoyed some peace, but there was always the promise of dreadful violence, especially against her people, the Jews, who were uneasy neighbors to the Russians. Ida was born to Shemon Katharske and his wife, Chesie, around 1890 in a small town in the central region of Russia.1 Like many of the towns in the region, it was known by several names, depending upon where, whom, and when you asked.2 Here, in the town of many names, protected by a weak and crumbling fortress, Ida lived in a world of farms and hills. It looked small, but it was still an empire, so far from home. Ida stopped for a moment, looked around her small apartment, and blinked. Ida's husband, Julius, was working downtown at the Richman Brothers clothing store factory. Their little sister, Jeanetta, was already staring out the window in anticipation of her two favorite, patient brothers. She knew she had only an hour or so before her boys, Joe and Frank, would be home from school. He drew more lines.Īt home, Joe's mother, Ida, moved between the laundry and the stove. He hoped he could bring this one home to show his mother, he thought. Turning red, he went back to his sketch, brushing thick lines all going one way in the background. But she straightened up and caught him staring even though he wasn't really. Joe looked at her and in his mind started drawing beams radiating from her head. There would be clapping and she would smile and look very pleased. Class, she would say, this is a former student of mine who is a very successful artist, and his name is Joe Shuster. Someday he would be a famous artist and he would come back to this classroom and she would be impressed. He really wanted to draw something coming out of the apple-maybe an arrow or a smiling worm with funny eyebrows and a big cigar-but he didn't want to get into trouble. When it seemed that no one was looking, Joe put his face close-so close-down to the page, about two or three inches away, so he could finally see it. Joe was short and skinny, parted his dark hair carefully on the side, and wore glasses that were incredibly thick. He tried to shift his dangling feet so no one could see they weren't hitting the floor. His books wobbled in a pile under his desk. It hovered there for a moment, floating over the page. With his left hand, he brought his pencil down at a forty-five-degree angle over the paper. Joe had finished his sketch a good ten minutes ago and was looking for something else to draw. ![]() She was bent over a student who clearly needed help portraying the simple bowl of fruit at the front of the room. are often found in cold places.JOE SHUSTER BLINKED at the back of his art teacher. ![]() If Mario or another character is hit, unless they are in small form, they will be frozen for a moment. are variants of the Hammer Bro which appear in the Newer Super Mario Bros.
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